Cervical cancer remains a significant health concern in Malaysia, necessitating increased awareness and proactive measures. It is highly preventable and easily treatable when detected in its early stages. 

According to the Summary of Malaysia National Cancer Registry Report (2017-2021), cervical cancer ranks as the 6th most common cancer among women in Malaysia and in these years, the percentage of diagnosed at late stages (stage 3 & 4) of cervical cancer is 47.1%

So, what is Cervical Cancer? Does it only affect women? 

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is most commonly caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV).

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection that can affect the skin, genital region, and throat. The majority of sexually active individuals will contract HPV at some stage in their lives, often without experiencing any symptoms. In most cases, the body's immune system naturally eliminates the virus. However, when high-risk HPV infections persist, they can lead to abnormal cell changes that may eventually progress into cancer. (source: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer) 

Cervical cancer only affects individuals with a cervix. Since only women have a cervix, this type of cancer is specific to women. However, HPV, the virus that is linked to cervical cancer, can cause other types of cancer that affect both men and women, such as throat, anal, and genital cancers.

In its early stages, cervical cancer typically does not present noticeable symptoms, making regular screenings—such as Pap smears and HPV DNA tests—essential for early detection. When symptoms do appear, they may include:

1. Unusual vaginal bleeding, including bleeding after sexual intercourse, after menopause, between menstrual cycles, or experiencing longer or heavier periods than usual. Bleeding may also occur after douching.
2. Abnormal vaginal discharge, which may contain blood and occur between menstrual cycles or after menopause.
3. Discomfort or pain during sexual intercourse.
4. Pelvic pain.

(source: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cervical-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com) 

Steps to Prevent Cervical Cancer

Here are practical steps you can take to reduce the risk of cervical cancer:

1. Regular Screenings:
   Regular cervical cancer screenings, including Pap smears and HPV tests, play a crucial role in detecting abnormalities early, improving the likelihood of successful treatment. The recommended screening frequency varies based on age and medical history.
   • Cytology Screening (Pap Smear): Women under 30 may undergo either conventional or liquid-based cytology screening. Initially, screening is conducted annually for two consecutive years. If results remain normal, subsequent screenings can be performed every three years.
   • HPV DNA Testing: Women over 65 who have never undergone routine screening may be offered HPV testing. For those eligible, individuals who test negative for HPV can repeat the screening every five years.
    https://www2.moh.gov.my/moh/modules_resources/bookshelf/Guidelines_For_Cervical_Cancer_Screening_in_Malaysia_2023/Guidelines_For_Cervical_Cancer_Screening_in_Malaysia_2023.pdf)
2. Get the HPV Vaccine
   The HPV vaccine protects against the high-risk types of HPV that cause most cases of cervical cancer. It is most effective when given before exposure to the virus, usually in adolescence. Vaccines provide strong protection, especially when administered to young women before exposure to the virus. Even with HPV vaccination, regular cervical cancer screening is necessary, as the vaccine does not protect against all cancer-causing HPV types. (source: https://www2.moh.gov.my/moh/modules_resources/bookshelf/Guidelines_For_Cervical_Cancer_Screening_in_Malaysia_2023/Guidelines_For_Cervical_Cancer_Screening_in_Malaysia_2023.pdf) 
3. Spreading Awareness
   Educating others about the risks, symptoms, and prevention methods, such as regular screenings and HPV vaccinations, helps save lives and breaks stigmas around women’s health. Start conversations with friends and family, share reliable information on social media, or support educational campaigns to amplify the message. If you’re shy about discussing it directly, sharing articles, videos, or resources can encourage others to take proactive steps for their cervical health. Open communication fosters understanding and empowers people to prioritize prevention.

Declined Cancer Rates, But Awareness Remains Low

Efforts to combat cervical cancer in Malaysia have led to a gradual decline in its incidence rate over recent years. This decrease is attributed to the introduction of the HPV vaccination under the National Immunisation Programme and improved screening services. However, awareness about cervical cancer and its prevention remains alarmingly low. Many women are unaware of the importance of regular Pap smears, regular cervical cancer screening (not just Pap smear, but also HPV DNA testing) and HPV vaccinations, and cultural taboos surrounding women’s health further hinder discussions and preventive action.

What You Can Do To Support the Cause

You can support cervical cancer awareness and prevention by participating in Neubodi's charitable initiatives. Contributions start at just RM5 and can be made conveniently through Neubodi’s website. By simply adding a donation when purchasing your innerwear, you can help provide underprivileged women with the resources they need to detect, prevent, and fight cervical cancer, offering them hope and a chance at a healthier future.

Cervical cancer poses a serious threat to women’s health in Malaysia. However, it is largely preventable through awareness, early detection, and vaccination. Organizations like NCSM, in collaboration with partners like us are leading the charge to educate, screen, and support Malaysian women. Your involvement, whether through donations, volunteering, or participation in awareness programs, is vital in the fight against cervical cancer. Together, we can make a difference and save lives.

Related blogs you may be interested in:

• Guidelines for Cervical Cancer Screening in Malaysia
• Help Underprivileged Women Get Screened for Breast Cancer
• 4 Consequences of Making Wrong Underwear Choices